A Pictish Bibliography

A Pictophile's Bibliography

Compiled from a variety of sources

by T. L. Pitts, with additions by Michelle Ziegler and Michael Hamilton

last update February 4, 2001

Aberg, N. (1943) The Occident and the Orient in the Art of the Seventh Century, Part I. The British Isles. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar, LVI. i., Stockholm 1943.

AClon. The Annals of Clonmacnoise, ed. D Murphy, Dublin 1896.

Acta Arch. Acta Archaeologica, Copenhagen.

Adamnan. Vita Sancti Columbae, ed. W. Reeves, Dublin 1857 (2nd. edn. Edinburgh 1874). Also ed. J. T. Fowler, Oxford 1894.

Adomnan of Iona. (1995). Life of St. Columba Translated, edited, and Notes by Richard Sharpe

Alcock, L. (1971). Arthur's Britain, London

Alcock, L. (1979). "The north Britons, the Picts and the Scots", p. 134-42; in Casey, P.J. , ed., (1978). The End of Roman Britain: Papers Arising from a Conference, BAR British Series 71, Durham

Alcock, L. (1982). "Fortevoit: A Pictish and Scottish Royal Church and Palace", in: Pearce, Radford Susan, (ed.), The Early Church in Western Britain and Ireland: Studies Presented to C.A. Raleigh, BAR British Series 102. 211-240.

Alcock, L (?). "Populie bestialis Pictorum feroci animo",British Archaeol. rep. international Series, 71 61-92

Alcock, L (?). Pictish Studies: Present and Future.

Alcock, L. and E. Alcock (1987). [Dunollie] PSAS 117, 119-148.

Alcock, L. and E. Alcock (1992). Reconnaissance Excavations on Early History. Fortifications and Other Royal Sites in Scotland 1974-84. PSAS 122

Alcock, L., E. Alcock, and S.T. Driscoll, (1989). "Reconnaissance Excavations on Early Historic Fortifications and other Royal Sites in Scotland 3: Dundurn", PSAS 119, 189-227

Allen, J.R. and J. Anderson, (1903). The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland, Edinburgh. Reprinted by Pinkfoot Press, Angus 1993.

Anderson, A. O. (1908). Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, London 1908.

Anderson, A. O. (1922). Early Sources of Scottish History, AD 500-1286, 2 vols., Edinburgh 1922.

Anderson, A. O. (1948). "Ninian and the Southern Picts", SHR xxvii (1948), 25-47.

Anderson, A. O. (1950). "Early Scotland" (review), SHR xxix (1950), 78-88.

Anderson, A. O. and M. Anderson (eds), (1961). Adomnan's Life of Columba, Edinburgh

Anderson, J. (1881). Scotland in Early Christian Times, 2 vols., Edinburgh 1881.

Anderson, J. (1889). "Notices of some Undescribed Sculptured Stones and Fragments in different parts of Scotland", PSAS xxiii (1888-89), 344-355.

Anderson, J. See also ECM.

Anderson, Marjorie O. [Mrs A. O.] (1949). "The Scottish Materials in a Paris Manuscript", SHR xxv" (1949), 31-42.
Anderson, Marjorie O. [Mrs A. O.] (1949-50). "The Lists of the Kings", SHR xxviii (1949), 108-118, xxix (1950), 13-22.

Anderson, Marjorie.O. (1973). Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland, Edinburgh

ANL. The Archaeological News Letter, London.

Antiquity.Antiquity, A Quarterly Review of Archaeology, Newbury (Gloucester).

AntJ. The Antiquaries Journal, London.

Arch. Ael.Archaeologsa Aeliana, Newcastle upon Tyne.

ArchJ. The Archaeological Journal, London.

Ardestie and Carlungie Reports. Excavations at two souterrain sites were carried out during 1949-51. The reports (with notes on other sites) will be published, probably as one volume, under some such title as The Souterrains of Southern Pictland.

Armit, I., ed., (1990). Beyond the Brochs, Edinburgh

Arnold, T.See HH and SD.

ASC. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ed. Benjamin Thorpe, 2 vols., London 1861.

ATig. Annals of Tigernach, ed. Whitley Stokes, RC xvi (1895), xvii (1896), xviii (1897).

AU. Annals of Ulster, vol. i. ed. W. M. Hennessy, Dublin 1887.

Baedae Continuatio. Annals appended to Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. See C. Plummer (1896), I. 361-363.

Bannerman, J. (1974). Studies in the History of Dalriada, Edinburgh

Bede. Historia Ecclesiastica Gents Anglorum, in Baedae Opera Historica, ed. C. Plummer, 2 vols., Oxford 1896.

Beresford, M. W. (1953) "Deserted Villages and the Historian", ANL iv, No. ii (1953), 161-163.

Bersu, G. (1948a). "'Fort' at Scotstarvit Covert, Fife", PSAS lxxxii (1947-48), 241-263.

Bersu, G. (1948b). "Rectangular Enclosure on Green Craig, Fife", PSAS lxxxii (1947-48), 264-275.

Best, R. I. See AI.

BG. C. Iuli Caesaris De Bello Gallico, ed. T. Rice Holmes, Oxford 1914.

BM (1922). Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain, British Museum, London 1922.

BM (1947). The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, A Provisional Guide, British Museum, London 1947.

Breeze, D.J. (1982). Northern Frontiers of Roman Britain, London

Breeze, D. and A. Ritchie (1991). Invaders of Scotland, Edinburgh

Brown, G. Baldwin (1903-37). The Arts in Early England, 6 vols., London 1903-1937.

Brown, T.J. (1972). Northumbria and the Book of Kells, Anglo-Saxon England, i 219-246.
Bruce-Mitford, R.L.S. (1959). "Comments on the bowls and miscellaneous silver, and general conclusions", 257-268 in O'Dell 1959.

BSLP. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, Paris.

Calder, C. S. T. (1938). "Three Fragments of a Sculptured Cross of Anglian Type now preserved in Abercorn Church, West Lothian", PSAS lxxii (1937-38), 217-223.

Cessford, Craig (1994). "Pictish Raiders at Trusty's Hill?" Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquity Society 69: 81-88.

Chadwick, H. M. (1949). Early Scotland, Cambridge 1949.

Childe, V. G. (1935). The Prehistory of Scotland, London 1935.

Child; V. G. (1938). "The Experimental Production of the Phenomena distinctive of Vitrified Forts", PSAS lxxii (1937-38),
44-55.

Childe, V. G. (1940). Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles, London 1940 (3rd. edn. 1949).

Childe, V. G. (1946). Scotland before the Scots, London 1946.

Christison, D. (1889). "The Duns and Forts of Lorne, Nether Lochaber, and the Neighbourhood", PSAS xxiii (1888-89), 368-432.

Christison, D. (1900). "The Forts, 'Camps', and other Field-works of Perth, Forfar, and Kincardine", PSAS xxxiv (1899-1900), 43-120.

Christison, D. (1904). "The Forts of Kilmartm, Kilmichael Glassary, and North Knapdale, Argyle", PSAS xxxviii (1903-04), 205-251.

Christison, D. (1905). "Report on the Society's Excavations of Forts on the Poltalloch Estate, Argyll, in 1904-5", PSAS xxxix (1904-1905), 292-322.

Chronicles. Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots and other Early Memorials of Scottish History, ed. W. F. Skene, Edinburgh 1867.

Clapham, A. W. (1934). "Notes on the Origins of Hiberno-Saxon Art", Antiquity, viii (1934). 43-57.

Clarke, R. R. (1949). "A Celtic Torc-terminal from North Creake, Norfolk", ArchJ cvi, (1949), 59-61.

Close-Brooks,J. (1974-75). "A Pictish pin from Goispie, Sutherland", PSAS 106 208-210.

Close-Brooks,J. (1978-79). "Excavations in the Dairy Park, Dunrobin, Goispie, Sutherland", 1977, PSAS 110 forthcoming.

Close-Brooks, J. (1986). "Excavations at Clatchard Craig, Fife", PSAS 116, 117-84.

Close-Brooks, J. and R. B. K. Stevenson (1982). Dark Age Sculpture. Edinburgh 1982.

Colgrave, B. (1940). Two Lives of St Cuthbert, ed. B. Colgrave, Cambridge 1940.

Colgrave, B. See also Eddius.

Collingwood, R. G., and Myres, J. N. L. (1937). Roman Britain and the English Settlements, Oxford 1936 (2nd. edn. 1937).

Collingwood, W. G. (1927). Northumbrian Crosses of the Pre-Norman Age, London 1927.

Colvin, H. M. (1952). "Deserted Villages and the Archaeologist", ANL iv, No. 9 (1952), 129-131.

Coutil, L. (1930). L'Art Merovingien et Carolingien, Bordeaux 1930.

Coutts, H. (1970). Ancient Monuments of Tayside (Guide,), Dundec Museum.

Cramp, R. (1978). The Anglian Tradition, 1-32 in Lang 1978

Craw, J. H. (1930). "Excavations at Dunadd and at other sites on the Poltalloch Estates, Argyll", PSAS lxiv (1929-30), "111-127.

Crawford, O. G. S. (1939) "Air Reconnaissance of Roman Scotland", Antiquity xiii (1939), 280-929.

Crawford Essays. Aspects of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond, Essays presented to O. G. S. Crawford, ed. W. F. Grimes, London 1951.

Cruden, S.H. (1964). The Early Christian and Pictish Monuments of Scotland, 2nd ed. (with descriptive catalogue of Meig1e and St Vigeans collections), H M S O.

CRS. Cymmrodorian Record Series, London.

Cummins, W.A. (1995). The Age of the Picts, Alan Sutton Publishing.

Curle, Cecil L. [Mrs A. T.] (1940). "The Chronology of the Early Christian Monuments of Scotland", PSAS lxxiv(1939-40), 60-116.

Curle, Cecil L. [Mrs A. T.] See also Cecil L. Mowbray.

Curle, C.L. (1972-74). "An engraved lead disc from the Brough of Birsay", Orkney, PSAS 103 301-307.

Curle, C.L. (1981) Excavations at the Brough of Birsay, Orkney: The Finds, 1935-74, Soc. Ant. Scot. Monograph Series, forthcoming.

Davidson, J. M. (1943) "A Pictish Symbol Stone from Goispie, Sutherland", PSAS lxxvii (1942-43), 26-30.

Diack, F. C. (1926a). "Aber and Inver in Scotland", SGS i (1926), 83-98. See also F. C. Diack (1944) 126-134.

Diack, F. C. (1926b). "The Colchester 'Caledonian' of the Third Century A.D.", SGS i (1926), 195-202. See also F. C. Diack (1941.), 121-126.

Diack, F. C. (1944). The Inscriptions of Pictland . . . with Other Writings and Collections, Aberdeen 1944.

Dickins, B. See Early Cultures.

Duncan, A.A.M. (1975). Scotland: the Making of a Kingdom, Edinburgh.

Dobbs, Margaret E. (1949). "Ce: The Pictish Name of a District in Eastern Scotland", SGS vi (1949). 137-138.

Dunning, G. C. See C. F. C. Hawkes.

Early Cultures. The Early Cultures of North-west Europe, ed. Cyril Fox and Bruce Dickins, Cambridge 1950.

ECM. J. Romilly Allen and J. Anderson, The Early Christian Monuments of Scotland, Edinburgh 1903.

Eddius. Vita Wilfridi Episcopi auctore Eddio Stephano, ed. James Raine in vol. i of The Historians of the Church of York, London 1879; and The Life of Bishop Wilfrid by Eddius Stephanus, ed. Bertram Colgrave, Cambridge 1927.

Edwards, A. J. H. (1939) "A Massive Double-Linked Silver Chain", PSAS lxxiii (1938-39), 326-327.

Edwards, N. (1990). The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland, London

Eeles, F. C. (1934). "The Monymusk Reliquary of Brecbennoch of St Columba", PSAS lxviii (1933-34), 433-438.

EHR. The English Historical Review, London.

ESt. Englische Studien, Heilbronn (Leipzig).

Feachem, R. W. (1950). "A New Pictish Symbol-Stone in the Lowlands", PSAS lxxxiv (1949-50), 206-208.
Finlay, I.F. (1973). Celtic Art, Chapters VI-VIlI The Christian Era, London.

Forbes, A. F. See Jocelin.

Forsyth, Katherine. (1995). "Language in Pictland, Spoken and Written", in Nicoll, Eric ,ed., (1995). A Pictish Panorama, Pinkfoot Press, 7-10.

Förster, M. (1922). "Englisch-Keltisches", ESt lvi (1922), 204-239.

Förster, M. (1941). Der Flussname Themse und seine Sippe, München 1941.

Foster, S. M. (1992). "The State of Pictland in the Age of Sutton Hoo" in: The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe. The Boydell Press. 217-234.

Foster, S. M. (1996). Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland. B.T. Batsford Ltd. for Historic Scotland.

Fowler, E. (1963). "Celtic metalwork of the fifth and sixth centuries AD"., Arch.J. cxx 98-160.

Fowler, E. (1968). "Hanging bowls", Studies in Ancient Europe, ed. Coics, J.M. and Simpson, D. D. A., 288-310, Leicester.

Fowler, J. T. See Adamnan.

Fox, C. See Early Cultures.

Fraser, J. (1923). History and Etymology, Oxford 1923.

Fraser, J. (1927). "The Question of the Picts", SGS ii
(1927),172-201.

Fraser, J. (1942). "Pet(t) in Place Names", SGS v (1942), 67-71.

Friell J.G.P., and W.G. Watson (eds), (1984). Pictish Studies: Settlement, Burial and Art in Dark Age Northern Britain, Oxford

Gildas. De Excidio Britanniae Liber Querulus, MHB 1-16. Also ed. T. Mommsen (MGH xiii. i), Berlin 1894, and H. Williams (CRS iii), London 1899.

Gilbert, J.M. (1975-76). "Cross-bows on Pictish stones," PSAS 107, 316-317.

Golson, J. (1953) "Medieval Deserted Villages", ANL iv, No. 12 (1953), 181-183.

Gordon, C.A. (1954-56). Carving techniques on the symbol stones of North-East Scotland, PSAS lxxxviii 40-46.
Gordon, C.A. (1964-66). "The Pictish animals observed", PSAS xcviii 215-224.

Graham, A. (1947). "Some Observations on the Brochs", PSAS lxxxi (1946-47), 48-99.

Graham, A. (1951). "Archaeological Gleanings from Dark-Age Records", PSAS ixxxv (1950-51), 64-91.

Gresham, C. A. (1942). "The Book of Aneirin", Antiquity xvi (1942), 237-257.

Grierson, P. (1952). "The Dating of the Sutton Hoo Coins", Antiquity xxvi (1952), 83-86.

Grimes, W. F. See Crawford Essays.

Hamilton, J. R. C. (1952). "Recent Excavations at Jarishof", ANL Iv, No. 10 (1952), 159-160.

Hamilton, J. R. C. See also Jarlshof Report.

Hanson, W.S. and G.S. Maxwell, (1988). Rome's North-west Frontier: the Antonine Wall, Edinburgh

Hardy, T. D. See MHB.

Haseloff, G. (1951). Der Tassilokekh, Munich 1951.

Hawkes, C. F. C. and Dunning, G. C. (1930). "The Belgae of Gaul and Britain", ArchJ lxxxvii (1930), 150-335.

Hencken, H. O'N. (1935). "Ballinderry Crannog No. 1", PRIA xliii (1935). 103-239.

Hencken, H. O'N. (1942). "Ballinderry Crannog No. 2", PRIA xlvii (1942), 1-76.

Henderson, G. (1898). Leabhar nan Gleann, Edinburgh 1898.

Henderson, G. (1972). Style and Civilisation - Early Medieval, (Pelican) London.

Henderson, G. (1987). From Durrow to Kells: The Insular Gospel Books 650-800, London

Henderson, I. (1957-58). "The origin centre of the Pictish symbol stones", PSAS xci 44-60.

Henderson, I. (1967). The Picts, London

Henderson, I. (1971). "North Pictland", also "the meaning of the Pictish symbol stones", 37-42 and 53-57, in Meldrum 1971.

Henderson, I. (1978). "Sculpture north of the Forth after the takeover by the Scots", 47-73 in Lang 1978.

Henderson, I. (1980)."Pictish Art and the Book of Kells", Ireland in Early Medieval Europe, ed. Whitelock, D., Dumville, D. and McKitterick, R. (Studies in Memory of Kathleen Hughes), Cambridge.

Henderson, I. (1983)."Pictish Vine-Scroll Ornament", in O'Connor, A. and D. V. Clark, eds., From the Stone Age to the'45, 1983.

Henderson, I. (1983)."The 'David Cycle' in Pictish Art", in Higgitt, J., ed., Early Medieval Sculpture in Britain and Ireland. BAR Series 152, 1983.

Henderson, I.M. (1972). "The Picts of Aberdeenshire and their Monuments".Arch. J. 129, 166-174.

Hennessy, W. M. See AU.

Henry, Françoise (1936). "Hanging-Bowls", JRSAI lxvi (1936), 209-246.

Henry, Françoise (1940). Irish Art in the Early Christian Period, London 1940.

Henry, Françoise (1952). "A Wooden Hut on Inishkea North, County Mayo", JRSAI lxxxii (1952), 169-171.

Henry, F. (1965). Irish Art, I, London

Henshall, Audrey S. (1950). "Textiles and Weaving Appliances in Prehistoric Britain", PPS xvi (1950), 130-162.

HH. Henrici Archidiaconi Huntendunensis Historia Anglorum, ed. Thomas Arnold, London 1879.

Hinks, R. (1935). Carolingian Art, London 1935.

Hodgkin, R. H. (1935). A History of the Anglo-Saxons, 2 vols., London 1935 (2nd. edn. 1939, 3rd. edn. 1953).

Hogg, A. H. A. (1943). "Native Settlements of Northumberland", Antiquity xvii (1943) 136-147.

Hogg, A. H. A. (1951). "The Votadini", Crawford Essays, 200-220.

Holder. A. Holder, Alt-Celtischer Sprachschatz, 3 vols., Leipzig 1896-1913.

Holmes, T. Rice (1907). Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar, Oxford 1907.

Holmes, T. Rice. See also BG.

Howlett, R. See RH(Historia).

Hubert, H. (1934). The Rise of the Celts, London 1934.

Hughes, K. (1980). Celtic Britain in the Early Middle Ages (ed. D. Dumville), Woodbridge

Hughson, Irene (1997). "Horses in the Early Historic Period: Evidence from the Pictish Sculptured Stones" in Davies, Sioned and Nerys Ann Jones (eds.), The Horse in Celtic Culture: Medieval Welsh Perspectives Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 23-42

Jackson, A. (1971). "Pictish social structure and symbol-stones: and anthropological assessment", Scottish Studies 15 121-140.

Jackson, A. (1984). The Symbol Stones of Scotland, Stromness

Jackson, A. (1989). The Pictish Trail, The Orkney Press

Jackson, K. H. (1939). "The 'Gododdin' of Aneirin", Antiquity xiii (1939) 25-34.

Jackson, K. H. (1950). "Notes on the Ogam Inscriptions of Southern Britain", Early Cultures, 199-213.

Jackson, K. H. (1951). "Common Gaelic", PBA xxxvii (1951), 71-97.

Jackson, K. H. (1953). Language and History in Early Britain, Edinburgh 1953.

Jackson, K. H. (1954). "Two Early Scottish Names", SHR xxxm (1954), 14-18.

Jarlshof Report. Excavations were carried out at Jarlshof (Shetland) by the Ministry of Works in 1949-52. The report, compiled by J. R. C. Hamilton who supervised the excavations, will probably be published as a separate volume under the title of Jarishof. For reports on earlier excavations at Jarlshof, see PSAS lxvi (1931-32), lxvii (1932-33), lxviii (1933-34), lxix (1934-35), lxxii (1937-38).

Jervise, A. (1862). "An Account of the Excavation of the Round or 'Beehive' shaped House, and other Underground Chambers, at West Grange of Conan, Forfarshire", PSAS iv (1860-62), 492-499.

Jocelin. Vita Kentegerni auctore Jocelino MonachoFurnesensi, ed. A. F. Forbes, Edinburgh 1874 (The Historians o Scotland v, 159-242).

JRSAL Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin.

Kendrick, T. D. (1932). "British Hanging-Bowls", Antiquity vi (1932), 161-184.

Kendrick, T. D. (1938). Anglo-Saxon Art, London 1938.

Kendrick, T. D. (1949). Late Saxon and Viking Art, London 1949.

Kilbride-Jones, H.E. (1935). "Bronze Terret from Rhynie, and Distribution of the Type", PSAS lxix (1934-35), 448-454.

Kilbride-Jones, H.E. (1937). "A Bronze Hanging-Bowl from Castle Tioram, Moidart, and a suggested Absolute Chronology for British Hanging-Bowls", PSAS lxxi (1936-37), 206-247.

Kirby, D. P. (1973). "Bede and the Pictish Church" Innes Review 24:6-25.

Kirby, D. P. (1976). "...per uviversas Pictorum provincias" in Bonner, Gerald (ed.), Essays in Commemoration of the Thirteenth Centunary of the Birth of the Venerable Bede. London: SPCK 286-324.

Laing, L. (1975). The Archaeology of Late Celtic Britain and Ireland c. 400-1200 A.D. London.

Laing, L. (1987). Late Celtic Art in Britain and Ireland.Aylsbury.

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1984a). "The Date and Origin of the Pictish Symbols", PSAS 114 261-76

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1984b). "Archaeological Notes on some Scottish Early Christian Sculptures", PSAS 114 277-87

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1990). Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. AD 200-800, Dublin

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1992). Art of the Celts, London

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1993). The Picts and the Scots, Bridgend

Laing, L. and J. Laing, (1997) Celtic Britain and Ireland: the Myth of the Dark Ages. Barnes and Noble Books

Laing, S. (1867). "On the Age of the Burgs or 'Brocha' and some other prehistoric remains of Orkney and Caithness", PSAS vii (1866-68), 56-100.

Lang, J.T. (1972-74). "Hogback monuments in Scotland" [md. Brechin], PSAS 105 206-275.(ed.) 1978.

Lang, J.T.,ed. (1978) Anglo-Saxon and Viking-age Sculpture and its Context, (British Archaeological Reports, 49) Oxford.

Leeds, E. T. (1933) Celtic Ornament, Oxford 1933.

Levison, W. (1940). "An Eighth-century Poem on St Ninian", Antiquity xiv (1940), 280-291.

Lindqvist, S. (1941-42). Gotlands Bildsteine, 2 vols., Stockholm 1941-1942.

Loth, J. (1921). "La Premiere Apparition des Celtes dans L'Ile de Bretagne et en Gaule", RC xxxviii (1920-21), 259-288.

Macalister, R. A. S. (1928). The Archaeology of Ireland, London 1928.

Macalister, R. A. S. (1935). Ancient Ireland, London 1935.

Macalister, R. A .S. (1940). "The Inscriptions and Language of the Picts", MacNeill Essays, 184-226.

Macbain, A. (1892). "Ptolemy's Geography of Scotland", TGS xviii (1891-92), 267-288.

Macbain, A. (1897). "Mr Skene versus Dr Skene", TGS xxi (1896-97), 191-214.

Macbain, A. (1902). W. F. Skene, The Highlanders of Scotland (London 1836), ed. A. Macbain, Stirling 1902.

Macdonald, J. (1861). "Historical Notices of 'The Broch', or Burghead, in Moray, with an Account of its Antiquities",PSAS iv (1860-62), 321-369.

MacNeill, E. (1919). Phases of Irish History, Dublin 1919.

MacNeill, E. (1933). "The Pretanic Background in Britain and Ireland", JRSAI lxiii (1933) 1-28.

MacNeill, E. (1939) "The Language of the Picts", YCS ii (1938-39), 3-45.

MacNeill, E. See also AI.

MacNeill Essays. Essays and Studies presented to Professor Eoin MacNeill, ed. John Ryan, Dublin 1940.

MacQueen, John (1960/1). "The Picts of Galloway" Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 39: 127-43.

McRoberts, D. (1960-61). "The ecclesiastical significance of the St Ninian's Isle treasure", PSAS xciv 301-313.

McRoberts, D. (1965). "The ecclesiastical character of the St Ninian's Isle treasure", 224-246 in Small 1965.

Mahr, A. (1937). "New Aspects and Problems in Irish Prehistory", PPS iii (1937), 262-436.

Mahr, A. and Raftery, J. (1932-41). Christian Art in Ancient Ireland, 2 vols., Dublin 1932-1941.

Marshall, D. W. H. (1929). The Sudreys in Early Viking Times, Glasgow 1929.

Marstrander, C. (1932). "Okklusiver og Substrater", NTS v (1932), 258-314.

Maxwell, G.S. (1989). The Romans in Scotland, Edinburgh

Megaw , J.V.S. and DDA. Simpson, (1979). Introduction to British Prehistory, Leicester

Meldrum, E., ed. (1971). The Dark Ages in the Highlands, Inverness

MGH. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctores Antiquissimi, Berlin.

MHB. Monumenta Historica Britannica, ed. T. D. Hardy, London 1848.

Miller, M.(1975). "Stilicho's Pictish War" Britannia 6: 141-5.

Miller, M.(1978-80a). "Hiberni reversuri" PSAS 110: 305-27.

Miller, M. (1979). "The disputed historical horizon of the Pictish king-list" Scottish Historical Review 58 (165): 1-34.

Miller, M. (1982). "Matriliny by treaty: the Pictish Foundation Legend", p.133-164, In: Ireland in Early Medieval Europe: Studies in Memory of Kathleen Hughes. Whitelock, Dorothy; Rosamond McKitterick, and David Dumville, eds. Cambridge University Press.

Mitchell, A. (1874). "Vacation Notes in Cromar, Burghead, and Strathspey", PSAS x (1872-74), 645-670.

Moar, P. (1944). "Newly discovered Sculptured Stones from Papil, Shetland", PSAS lxxviii 91-99.

Mowbray, Cecil L. (1936). "Eastern Influences on Carvings at St Andrews and Nigg, Scotland", Antiquity x (1936), 428-440.

Mowbray, Cecil L. See also Cecil L. Curle.

Murphy, D. See AClon.

Murray, Gordon. (1986). "The Declining Pictish Symbol-a Reappraisal", PSAS, 116.

Myres, J. N. L. See R. G. Collingwood.

Nash-Williams, V.E. (1950). The Early Christian Monument, of Wales, Cardiff 1950.

National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (1978). Sculptured Monuments in Scotland AD 400-1050, Information Sheet No. 4.

National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (1981). A List of Dark Age Sculpture and Inscribed Stone in the Nation Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. NMS.

Nennius. Historia Britonum, MHB 47-82. Also ed. T. Mommsen (MGH xxiii), Berlin 1894, and F. Lot, Paris 1934.

Nicoll, Eric ,ed., (1995). A Pictish Panorama, Pinkfoot Press.

Nicholson, E. W. B. (1896). The Vernacular Inscriptions of the Ancient Kingdom of Alban, London 1896.

Nicholson, E. W. B. (1904). Keltic Researches, London 1904.

Nordenfaik, C. (1947). "Before the Book of Durrow", Acta Arch. xviii" (1947), 141-174.

NMS. National Museums of Scotland

NTS. Norsk Tidsskrif for Sprogvidenskap, Oslo.

O'Dell, A.C. et al. (1959). "The St Ninian's Isle silver hoard", Antiquity xxxiii, 241-268.

O'Dell, A.C. et al. (1960). St Ninian's Isle Treasure - (photographs by Cain, A.), Aberdeen University Studies 141, Aberdeen.

OE. Old English.

ON. Old Norse.

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